Comprehensive Plant List for the Twin Tunnels Trail
Weather: Sunny with temperatures to the lower 70s in the afternoon. No wind in the morning to winds 10 mph from the east by afternoon. A very comfortable day, weatherwise. The ground where there is shade is drying and early blooming annuals are disappearing.
Antlered Perfume: Evernia prunastri
Umbrella Liverwort: Marchantia polymorpha ?
Juniper Haircap Moss: Polytrichum juniperinum
Podfern: Aspidotis densa
Fragile Fern: Cystopteris fragilis
Goldback Fern: Pentagramma triangularis
Licorice Fern: Polypodium glycyrrhiza
Imbricate Sword Fern: Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans
Common Sword Fern: Polystichum munitum
Ponderosa Pine: Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa
Douglas Fir: Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
* Big-leaf Maple: Acer macrophyllum
* Pacific Dogwood: Cornus nuttallii
* Oregon White Oak: Quercus garryana var. garryana
Scouler's Willow: Salix scouleriana
* Sitka Willow: Salix sitchensis
* Elk Sedge: Carex geyeri - Beginning to bloom.
* Long-anthered Woodrush: Luzula macrantha
* Silver Hairgrass: Aira caryophyllaea
* Cheatgrass: Bromus tectorum
* Bulbous Bluegrass: Poa bulbosa
* Leiberg's Bluegrass: Poa leibergii
* Nevada Bluegrass: Poa secunda var. juncifolia
* Sandberg's Bluegrass: Poa secunda var. secunda
Bluebunch Wheatgrass: Pseudoroegneria spicatum
Green-banded Mariposa: Calochortus macrocarpus ssp. macrocarpus - Basal leaves.
Ookow, Ball-head Cluster Lily: Dichelostemma congestum
* Pale-anther Glacier Lily: Erythronium grandiflorum var. pallidum - One plant observed still in bloom.
* Chocolate Lily: Fritillaria affinis
False Solomon Seal: Maianthemum racemosum ssp. amplexicaule - In bud.
* Bicolored Cluster Lily: Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii - Beginning to bloom.
Fairy Slipper: Calypso bulbosa - Beginning to bloom.
Long-spurred Rein Orchid: Platanthera elegans - (basal leaves only, so this could also be Piperia unalascensis)
Common Bastard Toad-flax: Commandra umbellata var. californica - In bud.
Heart-leaf Buckwheat: Eriogonum compositum var. compositum
Tall Buckwheat: Eriogonum elatum
Strict Buckwheat: Eriogonum strictum var. proliferum
Sheep Sorrel: Rumex acetosella
* Pale Springbeauty: Claytonia exigua ssp. exigua
* Streambank Springbeauty: Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora
* Cushion Miner's Lettuce: Claytonia rubra ssp. depressa ?
* Miner's Lettuce: Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata
* Lineleaf Montia: Montia linearis
* Chickweed: Stellaria media
Shining Chickweed: Stellaria nitens
* Upland Larkspur: Delphinium nuttallianum
* Western Buttercup: Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis
* Shining Oregon Grape: Berberis aquifolium
* Cascade Oregon Grape: Berberis nervosa
* Oregon Fairy Poppy: Meconella oregana
* Mouse-ear Cress: Arabidopsis thaliana
* Hairy Bittercress: Cardamine hirsuta
* Little Western Bittercress: Cardamine oligosperma - Fading out of bloom.
* Oaks Toothwort: Cardamine nuttallii - Fading out of bloom.
* Spring Whitlow-grass: Draba verna
Rough Wallflower: Erysimum capitatum - In bud.
Tumble Mustard: Sisymbrium altissimum
* Shepherd's Cress: Teesdalia nudicaulis
* Fringe Pod: Thysanocarpus curvipes
Leiberg's Stonecrop: Sedum leibergii - In bud.
Broad-leaf Stonecrop: Sedum spathulifolium - In bud.
Gooseberry-leaved Alumroot: Heuchera grossulariifolia var. tenuifolia - In bud.
* Small-flowered Prairie Star: Lithophragma parviflorum
* Northwestern Saxifrage: Micranthes integrifolia - Fading out of bloom.
* Merten's Saxifrage: Saxifraga mertensiana
* Peak Saxifrage: Micranthes fragosa - Fading out of bloom.
* Rusty-haired Saxifrage: Micranthes rufidula
Fringecups: Tellima grandiflora - In bud.
* Red-flowering Currant: Ribes sanguineum
Mock Orange: Philadelphus lewisii
* Cusick's Serviceberry: Amelanchier alnifolia var. cusickii
Woods Strawberry: Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata
Ocean Spray: Holodiscus discolor
* Bitter Cherry: Prunus emarginata var. emarginata
Choke Cherry: Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa - Leafing out.
Antelope Bitterbrush: Purshia tridentata
Himalayan Blackberry: Rubus armeniacus
Blackcap Raspberry: Rubus leucodermis
Thimbleberry: Rubus parviflorus
Spurred Lupine: Lupinus arbustus ? - In bud.
* Bicolor Lupine: Lupinus bicolor
* Common Broad-leaf Lupine: Lupinus latifolius var. latifolius (formerly var. thompsonianus) - A few plants in bloom near the eastern trailhead.
* Small-flowered Lupine: Lupinus micranthus
Whitish Lupine: Lupinus sulphureus ssp. subsaccatus ? - In bud.
Hairy Vetch: Vicia hirsuta
* Common Vetch: Vicia sativa - Beginning to bloom.
* Filaree: Erodium cicutarium
* Dove's Foot Geranium: Geranium molle
Poison Oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum
Deer Brush: Ceanothus integerrimus
Buck Brush: Ceanothus sanguineus
Chervil: Anthriscus caucalis
* Columbia Desert Parsley: Lomatium columbianum - Fading out of bloom.
* Fernleaf Desert Parsley: Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum - "Chocolate tips" form.
* Pungent Desert Parsley: Lomatium papilioniferum ?
* Biscuitroot: Lomatium macrocarpum - Yellow-flowered form.
* Barestem Desert Parsley: Lomatium nudicaule
* Broadnineleaf Desert Parsley: Lomatium triternatum var. anomalum
Western Snake Root: Sanicula crassicaulis
* Sierra Snake Root: Sanicula graveolens
* Poet's Shooting Star: Dodecatheon poeticum
Baby Stars: Leptosiphon bicolor
* Midget Phlox: Microsteris gracilis
* Ball-head Waterleaf: Hydrophyllum capitatum var. thompsonii
Silverleaf Phacelia: Phacelia hastata var. hastata - In bud.
Varileaf Phacelia: Phacelia heterophylla ssp. virgata - In bud. Near east trailhead.
* Rigid Fiddleneck: Amsinckia menziesii (formerly Amsinckia retrorsa)
* Weakstem Cryptanth: Cryptantha flaccida
* Common Cryptanth: Cryptantha intermedia
* Great Hound's Tongue: Adelinia grandis
* Yellow and Blue Scorpion Grass: Myosotis discolor
* Slender Popcorn Flower: Plagiobothrys tenellus
* Henbit: Lamium amplexicaule
Narrowleaf Paintbrush: Castilleja attenuata - In bud.
* Small-flowered Blue-eyed Mary: Collinsia parviflora
* Few-flowered Blue-eyed Mary: Collinsia sparsiflora var. bruceae
* Chickweed Monkeyflower: Erythranthe alsinoides
Common Monkey Flower: Erythranthe guttata
Barrett's Penstemon: Penstemon barrettiae - In bud.
Cutleaf Penstemon: Penstemon richardsonii var. richardsonii
* Small-flowered Tonella: Tonella tenella
* Naked Broomrape: Aphyllon purpureum (former var. minuta)
* Naked Broomrape: Aphyllon purpureum (former var. purpurea)
* Bedstraw: Galium aparine
Orange Honeysuckle: Lonicera ciliosa
Blue Elderberry: Sambucus mexicana ssp. cerulea
Common Snowberry: Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus
* White Plectritis: Plectritis macrocera
* Big Root: Marah oreganus
Yarrow: Achillea millefolium - In bud.
Spearleaf Agoseris: Agoseris (retrorsa ?)
Heartleaf Arnica: Arnica cordifolia
* Carey's Balsamroot: Balsamorhiza careyana x deltoidea
Bachelor's Button: Centaurea cyanus
Columbia Goldenweed: Columbiadora hallii
* Gold Stars: Crocidium multicaule
Oregon Sunshine: Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium - In bud.
White-flowered Hawkweed: Hieracium albiflorum
* False Agoseris: Nothocalais troximoides
White Western Groundsel: Senecio integerrimus (var. ochroleucus ?) - In bud.
* Common Groundsel: Senecio vulgaris
* Common Dandylion: Taraxacum officinale
Yellow Salsify: Tragopogon dubius
Black Bear
California Ground Squirrels
Bald Eagle - Adult
Golden Eagle - Juvenile
Red-tailed Hawks - Dark morph.
Peregrine Falcons
Turkey Vultures
Common Ravens
Stellers Jays
Northern Flicker
Spotted Towhees
Western Tanagers
Dark-eyed Juncos
Red-breasted Nuthatches
White-breasted Nuthatches
Yellow-rumped Warblers
Anise Swallowtail
Sara's Orange Tips
Orange Sulphurs
Sootywings
Blues
