Comprehensive Plant List for the Willard Springs Trail and Headquarters Area
Antifever Fontinalis Moss: Fontinalis antipyretica var. antypyretica
Polytrichum Moss: Polytrichum sp.
Duckweed, Water Lentil: Lemna minor
Common Horsetail: Equisetum arvense
Water Horsetail, Swamp Horsetail: Equisetum fluviatile
Scouring Rush: Equisetum hyemale
* Leathery Grape-fern: Botrychium multifidum - At Willard Springs
Sword Fern: Polystichum munitum
Bracken Fern: Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens
* Floating Pondweed: Potamogeton natans
Emergent Bur-reed: Sparganium emersum
* Common Cat-tail: Typha latifolia
Grand Fir: Abies grandis
Common Juniper: Juniperus communis
Ponderosa Pine: Pinus ponderosa
Douglas Fir: Pseudotsuga menziesii
Mountain Alder: Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia
Water Birch: Betula occidentalis
Filbert: Corylus cornuta
Quaking Aspen: Populus tremuloides
Bog Willow: Salix pedicellaris
Scouler's Willow: Salix scouleriana
Sitka Willow: Salix sitchensis
Slender-beak Sedge: Carex athrostachya
Star Sedge: Carex echinata ssp. echinata
Nebraska Sedge: Carex nebrascensis
Thick-head Sedge: Carex pachystachya
Woolly Sedge: Carex pellita - Name change ?
Analogue Sedge: Carex simulata
Awl-fruited Sedge: Carex stipata
Beaked Sedge: Carex utriculata
Blister Sedge: Carex vesicaria
Cottongrass: Eriophorum sp.
Softstem Bulrush: Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Scirpus validus)
Jointed Rush: Juncus articulatus
Baltic Rush: Juncus balticus ?
Toad Rush: Juncus bufonius
Common Rush: Juncus effusus ssp. effusus
Daggerleaf Rush: Juncus ensifolius
Poverty Rush: Juncus tenuis
Common Western Needlegrass: Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens
Orchard Grass: Dactylis glomerata
Idaho Fescue: Festuca idahoensis
Mannagrass: Glyceria elata or G. grandis ?
Common Velvetgrass: Holcus lanatus
Canary Reed Grass: Phalaris arundinacea
Timothy: Phleum pratense
Bulbous Bluegrass: Poa bulbosa
Chocolate Lily: Fritillaria affinis - Seed pods.
Columbia Tiger Lily: Lilium columbianum - Seed pods
Hyacinth Cluster Lily: Triteleia hyacinthina - Past bloom.
* White Bog Orchid: Platanthera dilatata var. dilatata - Mostly past bloom.
Hooded Ladies' Tresses: Spiranthes romanzoffiana - Past bloom.
Bitter Dock: Rumex obtusifolius ?
* Water Montia: Montia chamissoi - Beginning to bloom.
* Deptford Pink: Dianthus aremeria - A few plants still in bloom.
German Knotgrass: Scleranthus annuus
* Small Creeping Buttercup: Ranunculus flammula - Afew plants still in bloom.
* Jim Hill Mustard: Sisymbrium altissimum - A few plants still in bloom.
Brown's Peony: Paeonia brownii
Meadow Alumroot: Heuchera chlorantha
Oregon Saxifrage: Saxifraga oregana - Basal rosettes observed on very moist ground at Willard Springs.
Wax Currant: Ribes cereum var. cereum
Purple Marshlocks: Comarum palustre
Suksdorf's Hawthorn: Crataegus suksdorfii
Oceanspray: Holodiscus discolor
* Pinewoods Horkelia: Horkelia fusca ssp. fusca - Fading out of bloom.
Erect Cinquefoil: Potentilla recta
Antelope Bitterbrush: Purshia tridentata
Little Wild Rose: Rosa gymnocarpa
Pearhip Rose: Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana
Trailing Blackberry: Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus
* Hardhack: Spiraea douglasiana var. douglasii - A few plants still blooming.
Largeleaf Lupine: Lupinus polyphyllus var. polyphyllus
* Yellow Clover: Trifolium aureum (formerly Trifolium agrarium) - A few plants blooming along the canal near the old homestead building.
* Red Clover: Trifolium pratense - A few plants still in bloom.
* Tinker's Penny: Hypericum anagalloides - A few plants still in bloom at Willard Springs.
Common St. John's Wort: Hypericum perforatum
Night-blooming False Bindweed: Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp. atriplicifolia (formerly Convolvulus nyctagineus)
Sharp-tooth Angelica: Angelica arguta - Fruits fully formed.
Western Water Hemlock: Cicuta douglasii - Some of this could be Sium suave.
* Wild Carrot: Daucus carota
* Ciliate Willowherb: Epilobium ciliatum var. glandulosum
Kinnickinnick: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Prince's-pine: Chimaphila umbellata
Pinedrops: Pterospora andromedea
Pink Wintergreen: Pyrola asarifolia
Whitevein Wintergreen: Pyrola picta
Bog Blueberry: Vaccinium uliginosum
Buckbean: Menyanthes trifoliata
Broad-leaved Starflower: Trientalis latifolia
* Scarlet Gilia: Ipomopsis aggregata - A number of plants still in full bloom.
Needle Navarretia: Navarretia intertexta ssp. propinqua
* Small Forget-me-not: Myosotis laxa
Northern Bugleweed: Lycopus uniflorus
* Self-heal: Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata
* Common Monkeyflower: Erythrabthe guttata - A few plants in bloom along the canal.
* Rosy Owl-clover: Orthocarpus bracteosus
* American Brooklime: Veronica americana
* Skullcap Speedwell: Veronica scutellata
Piedmont Bedstraw: Cruciata pedimontana
* Small Bedstraw: Galium trifidum ssp. columbianum ?
Twinflower: Linnaea borealis - Mostly past bloom.
Blue Elderberry: Sambucus cerulea - Blue berries ripening.
Common Snowberry: Symphoricarpos albus - Most plants have white berries.
Trailing Snowberry: Symphoricarpos hesperius (formerly Symphoricarpos mollis) - Many plants with white berries.
* Scots Bluebells: Campanula rotundifolia - Still fairly abundant where the soil is moist.
* Yarrow: Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis - Fading out of bloom.
* Pearly Everlasting: Anaphalis margaritacea
* Nodding Beggars Ticks: Bidens cernua - Fading out of bloom.
* Smooth Hawksbeard: Crepis capillaris - All to common, although plants are yet small.
* Rabbitbrush goldenweed: Ericameria bloomeri - Past their peak bloom.
* Roughleaf Aster: Eurybia radulina (formerly Aster radulinus) - Still in bloom.
Meadow Knapweed: Centaurea pratense
Bull Thistle: Cirsium vulgare
* Canadian Horseweed: Conyza canadensis var. glabrata
* Smooth Hawkweed: Crepis capillaris
* White-flowered Hawkweed: Hieracium albiflorum - Fading out of bloom.
* Scouler's Hawkweed: Hieracium scouleri - A few plants still in bloom.
* Canada Goldenrod: Solidago canadensis var. salebrosa
* Leafybract Aster: Symphyotrichum foliaceum (var. foliaceum ?)
* Western Mountain Aster: Symphyotrichum spathulatum var. spathulatum - Fairly common in moist areas. A common attractant for the coppers and skippers of this area.
* Douglas Aster: Symphyotrichum subspicatum
* Common Dandylion: Taraxacum officinale
* Prostrate Knotweed: Polygonum aviculare
Jim Hill Mustard: Sisymbrium altissimum - Seed pods forming.
Chokecherry: Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa - Plants heavily draped with shiny red fruits (later to turn blackish when they ripen).
* Filaree: Erodium cicutarium - Only a few plants remain in bloom
* Canadian Horseweed: Conyza canadensis var. glabrata - Fading out of bloom.
* Slender Hareleaf: Lagophylla ramosissima - Finches and female redwing blackbirds would land on the ground next to these plants, then leap into the air to clasp the seed heads in their beaks and strip the seeds from the flower heads as food as they fall back to the ground.
Mountain Tarweed: Madia glomerata - Past bloom.
* Canada Goldenrod: Solidago canadensis var. salebrosa
Elk - numerous tracks and spour
Mule Deer
Douglas Squirrels
Chipmunks
Turkey Vulture
Red-tailed Hawk
Harriers
Cooper's Hawk
Sandhill Cranes
Mallards
Ravens
Stellers Jays
Hairy Woodpecker
Spotted Towhees
Golden-crowned Sparrows
Song Sparrows
White-crowned Sparrows
Dark-eyed Juncos
American Goldfinches
Yellow-rumped Warblers - numerous
House Wrens
Winter Wren
Mountain Chickadees
Red-breasted Nuthatches
Garter Snakes
Pacific Tree Frogs
Bull Frogs
Garden Spiders
Large blue dragonflies (Darners)
Red Meadowhawks - Fairly numerous near the canal as well as in dry forest.
Spread-wing Damselwings
Mourning Cloak
Fritillaries (Callippes?)
Orange Sulfurs ?
Acmon Blue
Lilac-bordered Coppers ?
Large Praying Mantises
Ant Lions
Whirligigs
Caddisflies