CELL STRUCTURE
Light Microscope: Device
using light and lenses to magnify small objects.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek:
Inventor of modern light microscope. Discovered cells. He called them "Beasties".
Stain: Colored liquid
put on cells to make tranparent parts visible.
Electron Microscope:
Device using electrons and magnets to magnify small objects.
Cell: Cells are
building blocks of all living things. Cells are the smallest things considered
to be alive.
Intracellular Organelles
Cells
1) Nucleus: Control center of cell.
2) Cilia: Short hairs on cell membrane used for movement.
3) Flagella: Long hairs on cell membrane used for movement.
4) Cell Membrane: Thin covering of all cells. Controls what enters or leaves
the cell. Protects the cell from injury.
5) Cytoplasm (Protoplasm): The jelly-like liquid insides of a cell. Found
between all cell organelles.
6) Nucleolus: Area of nucleus (looks like a dark dot) that makes ribosomes.
7) Nuclear Membrane: Thin covering around nucleus. Controls entry into &
out of nucleus.
8) Mitochondria: Powerhouse of cell. Chemically
"burns" sugar to make energy for cell to use.
9) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Tubes for transport and manufacture of large
molecules. Organizes cell interior.
a) Smooth ER : Lack ribosomes so smooth surfaced
tubules.
b) Rough ER : Tubules covered with dot-like ribosomes.
10) Ribosomes: Place where cell proteins are made. Look like dots on rough
ER.
11) Golgi Apparatus (Bodies): Place where molecules
are finished and packaged into vacuoles.
12) Vacuoles: Bubbles or "bags" for storage of food, water, chemicals,
or wastes.
13) Lysosomes: Vacuoles that hold digestive enzymes. Help get rid of wastes
or to digest cell food.
14) Cell Wall: Tough outer covering of all plant cells. Made of cellulose.
Not found in animal cells.
15) Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis (Changes
light energy into sugar energy). Found in most plant cells.
16) Chromosome: Threadlike segments of DNA in nucleus. Contains all genetic
info for building the cell and controlling its daily activities.
Slichter