2. Tall Rough Bestraw: Galium mexicanum var. asperulum (G. asperrimum) - Leaves 6-8 per whorl (but very unequal), the leaves wider in the middle than at the ends. Flowers white, 3 or more per leaf axil in a widely spreading, irregularly-branched inflorescence. Fruit with hooked or straight hairs. Perennial.

3. Low Mt. Bestraw: Galium bifolium - Leaves 2-4 per whorl, the upper opposite on the stems, the lower unequal in whorls of 3-4. Flowers solitary from the leaf axils. Fruit with hooked hairs. Perennial.

4. Northern Bedstraw: Galium boreale - Leaves 4 per whorl. Flowers white in a dense, branched inflorescence at the top of the stem. Hairs on the fruits straight, not hooked. Perennial.

5. White Bedstraw, Great Hedge Bedstraw: Galium mollugo -

6. Many-flowered Bedstraw, Shrubby Bedstraw: Galium multiflorum var. multiflorum -

7. Many-flowered Bedstraw, Shrubby Bedstraw: Galium hypotrichium ssp. subalpinum (formerly Galium multiflorum var. subalpinum) -

8. Many-flowered Bedstraw, Shrubby Bedstraw: Galium serpenticum ssp. wenatchicum - Leaves 4 per whorl. Flowers yellowish or greenish and numerous but not in a conspicuous inflorescence. Perennial.

9. Bedstraw: Galium trifidum ssp. pacificum - Leaves 4-6 per whorl, the blades very narrow and 7-12 mm long. Fruits hairless or with straight hairs, not hooked. Perennial.

10. Fragrant Bedstraw: Galium triflorum - Leaves 5-6 per whorl, the leaves wider in the middle than at the ends. Flowers greenish with 1-3 from the leaf axils. Fruit with hooked hairs. Perennial.

11. Bedstraw: Galium vaillantii - ?

12. Kelloggia: Kelloggia galioides - Leaves all opposite. Flowers long pedicellate in a loose inflorescnece. Corolla 4-8 mm long, pink or white in color, and funnel-shaped. Perennial.