Terms to know for the IB Biology Ecology/Natural
Selection Test
Ecology:
Ecosystem:
Population:
Community:
Species:
Habitat:
Biosphere:
Food Chain:
Be able to list at least 3 examples of food chains (each w/ 4 organisms).
Food Web:
Autotroph:
Heterotroph:
Detritivore:
Saprotroph:
Roles of saprotrophs:
Abiotic:
Biotic:
Niche:
Competition:
Interspecific Competition:
Intraspecific Competition:
Competitive Exclusion Principle:
Herbivory:
Predation:
Symbiosis:
Parasitism:
Mutualism:
Biodiversity:
Extinction:
Endangered species:
Named Examples of Extinct species (besides dinosaurs):
Trophic Level:
Producer:
Primary Consumer:
Secondary Consumer:
Pyramid of Energy:
Energy Flow through a Food Chain/Web:
Review Carbon Cycle: (The details of the carbon cycle should involve the interaction
of living organisms and the biosphere through the processes of photosynthesis,
respiration, fossilization and combustion.)
Review Water Cycle: including precipitation, evaporation, condensation, transpiration,
and drainage or capillary action in soils.
Oxygen Cycle: Explain how oxygen is inter-converted between oxygen,
carbon dioxide, water and ozone.
Nitrogen Cycle: including the process of nitrogen fixation (free-living, symbiotic
and industrial, denitrification, nitrification, feeding, excretion, root absorption,
and putrefaction (ammonification).
Outline the consequences of releasing raw sewage and nitrate fertilizer into
rivers including eutrophication, algal blooms, deoxygenation, increase in biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD), and subsequent recovery.
Succession:
Primary Succession:
Secondary Succession:
Climax:
Causes of Change in Succession:
Why Succession Occurs:
S-shaped Population Graph: The terms exponential growth phase, transitional
phase and plateau phase will be used.
J-shaped Population Graph (Exponential):
Carrying Capacity:
Natality:
Mortality:
Immigration:
Emigration:
Random Sample:
Lincoln Index Equation:
Mean:
Mode:
Median:
Standard Deviation:
Definition of a Species:
Variation Within a Species:
Homologous/ Analogous Organs
Reasons for Variation:
Overproduction of offspring is a struggle for survival.
Natural Selection:
Evolution is a Response to Environmental Change:
Barriers to Different Populations Staying the Same:
Divergent Evolution:
Convergent Evolution:
Long & Slichter