Respiration

Cell Respiration: Controlled release of energy from organic molecules (most often glucose) by oxidation in order to generate ATP.

ATP: Adenosine TriPhosphate - Energy carrying molecule. Carries measured doses of energy. Used to facillitate many cell reactions.

NADH: A second energy carrying molecule in the mitochondria. NADH is a coenzyme.

FADH2: A third energy carrying molecule in the mitochondria. FADH2 is also a coenzyme.

Coenzymes are nucleotides (like A, T, C or G) which act as enzyme helpers. They accept hydrogen and electrons from substrates at one reaction site transfer them to a second reaction site. Adenine (A) is the nucleotide found in both NADH and FADH2.

1. Oxidation- Reduction Reactions

2. Structure of the Mitochondria

3. Glycolysis

4. Glycolysis Outline

5. Anaerobic Respiration

6. Aerobic Respiration (3 steps: a-c below)

a. Krebs Cycle

c. Electron Transport / Oxidative Phosphorylation

Aerobic Respiration Using Fats as fuel:

Lipids are generally not readily used by cells as an energy source until all carbohydrates available are utilized first!

a. Fats converted to fatty acids & glycerol by digestion.

b. Glycerol converted to pyruvate.

c. Fatty Acids converted to Acetyl-CoA.

d. Both fat parts can then be used in Kreb's cycle.