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2. During karyotyping a cell sample is obtained and searched for cells in mitosis. One cell is viewed, photographed, and then increased to larger proportions for study. Genetecists then account for all the chromosomes and can identify missing, extra, or malformed chromosomes and thus determine whether the individual might have a number of genetic defects.

For the unborn, a sample of amniotic fluid is obtained from the mother. This can be searched for the needed skin cells for study via karyotyping.

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