IB Biology at GHS (1st Year)

2006

Please print these off or cut and paste for your own review purposes.........

1. State the names of the 3 most frequent elements found in living things.

2. Besides C, H and O, state the names of 3 other elements commonly found in living organisms.

3. Explain the difference between an atom and an ion.

4. What does the word cohesion mean?

5. List 3 ways in which hydrogen bonding between water molecules creates special properties for water.

6. Define organic.

7. Identify what the following diagram below represents.

8. What kind of organic molecule is represented below?

9. Explain what happens to an enzyme during denaturation.

10. State the chemical formula of a typical monosaccharide like glucose.

11. What is the name of the large group of organic molecules that are also known as sugars?

12. Describe what happens during a condensation reaction.

13. Give the name of the group of organic molecules which form the membranes of cells, & which also includes such molecules as fats, steroids, oils, and waxes.

14. Describe what happens during a hydrolysis reaction.

15. List two examples of nucleic acids.

16. State the name of the chemical bond found between 2 amino acids.

17. What does the word monosaccharide mean? List 2 examples of monosaccharides.

18. What does the word disaccharide mean? List one example of a disaccharide.

19. What does the word polysaccharide mean? List 2 examples of polysaccharides.

20. State the term used to denote 2 amino acids bonded together.

21. State the term used to denote 3 or more amino acids bonded together.

22. What is the building block or subunit form of all proteins?

23. When the name of a molecule ends in -ase, what does that mean that the molecule is? (Example-catalase)

24. What is the building block (subunit) of all carbohydrates?

25. How many different kinds of amino acids are there?

26. In what way does each amino acid differ from all other amino acids?

27. List 4 named proteins and list the job they do in the cell or organism.

28. How is the induced fit model of enzymes different than the lock and key model?

29. State the term used to denote 2 monosaccharides bonded together.

30. When two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond, a molecule of water is released. What do we call this process?

31. When two monosaccharides are linked by a covalent bond, water is released. What do we call this process?

32. When glycerol and a fatty acid are covalently bonded together, a molecule of water is released. What do we call this process?

33. When we digest a protein, water is put into the peptide bond, which is then broken, and the amino acids are released. What do we call this process?

34. When polysaccharides are digested, water is put into the covalent bond separating the monosaccharides. The single monosaccharides are then released. What do we call this process?

35. The lipids known as the triglycerides are formed by putting what two kinds of molecules together?

36. State the term used to denote 3 or more monosaccharides bonded together.

37. How is non-competitive inhibition different from competitive inhibition of enzymes?

38. Describe how temperature affects enzyme reactions.

39. List the names of the 4 main organic molecule groups.

40. Is the following molecule an example of an organic or inorganic molecule? Tell why it is or isn't an organic molecule.

41. Is the following molecule an example of an organic or inorganic molecule? Tell why it is or isn't an organic molecule.

42. List the 3 most numerous elements in all cells.

43. List the reactant(s) of the following reaction equation.

NaOH + HCl -------> NaCl + H2O

44. List the product(s) of the following reaction equation.

NaOH + HCl -------> NaCl + H2O

45. List 2 functions of carbohydrates.

46. List 3 functions of proteins.

47. What is the name of the PO4 group?

48. What kind of organic molecule is this?

49. What is the name of the covalent bond that the the arrow is pointing at?

50. What 3-letter ending do all enzymes have?

51. When water molecules stick to other water molecules, is this an example of cohesion or adhesion?

52. When water molecules stick to glass tubes, is this an example of adhesion or cohesion?

53. Identify the molecule shown below.

54. List 2 functions of lipids.

55. What kind of organic molecule is seen below?

56. What is the name of the very sweet monosaccharide found in honey?

57. What is the name of the very sweet monosaccharide found in fruits?

58. What is the scientific name of the disaccharide we all sprinkle on cereal or on food to make it sweeter?

59. Milk sugar is a double sugar or disaccharide. What is its scientific name?

60. What term denotes the subunit of all nucleic acids?

61. What is a metabolic pathway?

62. What is meant by "lock and key" fit in enzymes?

63. Define what activation energy is.

64. What is a catalyst?

65. Is this an example of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid?

66. Is this an example of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid?

67. What is the name of the group that is circled and labeled C in the diagram below?

68. What is the name of the group that is circled and labeled A in the diagram below?

69. What is the name of the group that is circled and labeled B in the diagram below?

70. Define what a catalyst is.

71. What is an enzyme?

72. What is the scientific name for the polysaccharide stored in our livers?

73. Describe induced fit in enzymes.

74. What happens during competitive inhibition in enzymes?

75. What happens during noncompetitive inhibition in enzymes?

76. What is the allosteric site on an enzyme?

77. Which shape of a protein is the simplest level of structure?

78. Explain how a primary and secondary level protein would be different from one another.

79. Explain how a tertiary and quaternary level protein would be different from one another.

80. What does adhesion mean?

81. Why does water dissolve so many different substances?

82. Why do lipids not mix / dissolve well when put in water?

83. What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

84. Why are proteases added to our detergents?

85. Why are pectinases added to crushed fruit during processing?

86. List 2 factors that denature enzymes and other proteins.

87. How is a tertiary structure in proteins different from a secondary structure?