1. Outline the process of glycolysis. Note where phosphorylation of glucose occurs, where oxidation of PGAL may occur to produce (& reduce) NADH, and where substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP occurs. Note products of glycolysis and where they may go. A simplified, labeled diagram may help this outline. (pp. 164-68)

2. Draw (& label) the structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron micrographs. (pp. 96, 165)

3. Outline and explain the Link Reaction (between pyruvate and the Krebs Cycle) including oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, oxidation of pyruvate to reduce NADH, and where CoEnzyme A may be involved. (pp 169-178)

4. Outline and explain what happens during the Krebs Cycle (from where Acetyl CoA enters through the complete cycle). Identify where and what oxidative decarboxylation is. Identify where oxidation of the remaining glucose molecule occurs and thus where NADH or FADH2 will be produced. Identify the major products of the Krebs Cycle and where these products will go.

5. Explain oxidative phosphorylation (Electron Transport) in terms of chemiosmosis including proton pumps, a proton gradient and ATP synthase. (See 9.2.4.) (pp. 174-175)

6. Explain the relationship between the structure of the mitochondrion and its function. . (pp. 96, Diagrams in Chapter 9)

7. Explain what (3 things) the coenzymes NADH and FADH2 carry and where these 3 things are transported to.

8. Describe the central role of acetyl CoA in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

9. Explain the importance of creating NAD+, FAD and ADP + P in terms of keeping glycolysis (& Krebs Cycle) running.

10. Discuss what happens during lactate fermentation and why this is important. Identify major reactants and products.

11. Discuss what happens during alcohol fermentation and why this is important. Identify major reactants and products.