Also known as the Calvin Cycle or Dark Reactions

All reactions of photosynthesis not directly dependent upon light are known as the light independent reactions. They occur whether there is light present or not. They only depend on the presence of the energy carriers ATP and NADPH made during the light dependent reactions.

The light independent reactions occur in the part of the chloroplast known as the stroma.

The purpose of the light independent reactions is to take the energy from ATP and energized electrons and hydrogen ions from NADPH and add them to CO2 to make glucose or sugar.

The LIR reduce CO2 by adding energized electrons & protons (H+) to it and removing one oxygen atom. This effectively converts the CO2 to CH2O.