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12. A basic technique used to transfer a gene from one organism to another using plasmids, restriction enzymes & DNA ligase includes:
a) The needed gene (like the insulin gene) is cut from the donor DNA using restriction enzymes.
b) Plasmids are cut by the same restriction enzymes.
c) The gene is added to the plasmids and joined using DNA ligase.
d) The plasmid with its "new" gene are returned to a bacterial cell (like E. coli).
e) The bacterial cells reproduce and increase in number. As they are doing so, they make the product that the introduced gene normally would make. If this was insulin, the insulin is released to the surroundings and can later be concentrated and purified for use!
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