Male Reproductive System:
Testes-
Scrotum-
Seminiferous tubules-
Epididymis-
Vas Deferens-
Female Reproductive System:
Ovaries-
Fallopian Tube-
Uterus-
Cervix-
Role of Hormones during Puberty in Males:
a. 11-13 yrs
b. LH from anterior pituitary gland stimulates the testis cells to secrete testosterone
c. Testosterone causes penis, testes & scrotum to enlarge and mature and causes development of male 2ndary sex characteristics.
Role of Hormones during Puberty in Females:
a. 11-13 yrs
b. FSH from ant. pituitary stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen
c. Estrogen causes the ovaries, oviducts, uterus and vagina to mature and stimulates development of female 2ndary sex characteristics.
Secondary Sexual Characteristics:
Male
a. Deeper voice
b. Pubic hair
c. Facial hair
d. Less breast development
e. Leaner muscle mass
Female
a. Higher voice
b. Pubic Hair
c. Less facial hair
d. Mammary gland development
e. More body fatRole of Hormones in Regulating the Menstrual Cycle:
Menstrual Cycle- monthly changes in female reproductive cycle
Four Phases:
a. Follicular Phase- Egg matures.
b. Ovulation- Egg released from follicle.
c. Luteal phase- Follicle becomes corpus luteum, sends out hormones to thicken uterine lining.
d. Menstruation- If no implantation, uterine lining is shed.
Follice Stimulating Hormone- (FSH) From Ant. Pit. Causes group of ovarian cells, the follicle to form around egg.
Luteinizing Hormone- (LH) From Ant. Pit.. Stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation in ovaries.
Estrogen- Primary female sex hormone. Prepares uterus for pregnancy.
Progesterone- Completes prep. of uterus for pregnancy. Breast development.
Follicle- Ring of ovarian cells around egg that ready egg for release.
Corpus Luteum- After ovulation, ruptured follicle becomes CL. Releases Estrogen & Progesterone.
Hypothalamus- Section of brain integrating neural & endocrine functions
Anterior Pituitary Gland- Gland beneath mid-brain. Secretes important hormones.
Copulation: Sexual intercourse
Fertilization: Fusion of gametes (egg & sperm). Occurs in oviduct.
Development of the Embryo prior to Implantation:
30 hrs after fert., cell cleavage (division) begins.
Within one week, many cleavages have occurred, forming a blastula (Hollow ball of cells. Inner cluster becomes embryo, outer ring of cells becomes chorionic membrane.)
Hormonal Control of Birth:
Mid Pregnancy:
Estrogen & progesterone levels are high to maintain uterine development & placenta. They also cause development of the mammary glands. High progesterone prevents labor.
At Birth:
Levels of progesterone drop. This allows oxytocin levels to be released. Oxytocin causes uterine contractions that trigger further release of oxytocin (+ feedback).
Milk production- As estrogen & progesterone levels drop at birth, the hormone prolactin is released, causing milk production.