[Lichens East of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington]

American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen

Letharia columbiana

Synonym: Letharia californica

American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae)

Brown-eyed wolf lichen as seen on whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) on the southeastern flanks of Strawberry Mountain, Strawberry Mountain Wilderness.........July 18, 2013.

American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae)

Brown-eyed wolf lichen as seen on whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) on the southeastern flanks of Strawberry Mountain, Strawberry Mountain Wilderness.........July 18, 2013.

American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae) - American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae) - American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae)

Brown-eyed wolf lichen as seen in coniferous forest along the easternmost mile of the Skyline Trail at the east end of the Strawberry Mountains.........May 28, 2014.

American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae) - American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae)

The photo at left shows brown-eyed wolf lichen that has blown off ponderosa pine branches on prehistoric flood sandbars near the Spokane Country Club, Spokane, Washington........December 1, 2013. The photo at right shows brown-eyed wolf lichen as observed on dead wood along Forest Road 38-200 to Spanish Peak, Ochoco National Forest......September 23, 2023.

American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae) - American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae) - American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae)

Examples of brown-eyed wolf lichen seen as blowdown from nearby ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa) in the Klickitat Wildlife Area between the Glenwood-Goldendale Highway and Canyon Creek.........April 6, 2013. Note the large brownish, bowl-like apothecia that help identify this species from the similar wolf lichen (Letharia vulpina).

American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae) - American Wolf Lichen, Brown-eyed Wolf Lichen, Wolf Lichen: Letharia columbiana (Synonym: Letharia californica) (Parmeliaceae)

Brown-eyed wolf lichen blown off of western juniper branches at the trailhead for the Alder Springs Trail #855, Crooked River National Grasslands.......May 11, 2018.

Brown-eyed Sunshine Lichen: Vulpicida canadensis (Synonyms: Cetraria candensis, Cetraria juniperina, Tuckermannopsis canadensis, Tuckermannopsis juniperina) (Parmeliaceae) with

Brown-eyed sunshine lichen (below) with brown-eyed wolf lichen (above) on an Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) branch along Soda Springs Road, Klickitat Wildlife Area.........April 6, 2013. Note the brownish, disc-shaped apothecia forming on both lichen species.
Paul Slichter