[The Genus Frasera East of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington]

Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera, White-stemmed Frasera

Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana

Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana

Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana) - Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana)

White-stemmed frasera (var. columbiana) as seen from scablands at Brooks Memorial State Park off US 97 near Satus Pass...........June 1, 2019.

Characteristics:

1. 4-petaled flowers have their petals widely reflexed outward. The flowers are whitish to light blue, with a dark bluish to purplish mottling.

2. Flowers are located in tight racemes at the apex of the plant.

3. Stems are erect, and stiff.

4. The basal leaves are linear-oblanceolate in shape, to occasionally spatulate.

5. The cauline (stem) leaves are opposite, much reduced upwards on the stem, and linear-oblanceolate in shape.

6. Plants may be glabrous (green), but are more frequently densely short haired (a grayish color as a result).


Varieties of White-stemmed Frasera Found in the Pacific Northwest:

var. albicaulis: Stems and leaves uniformly covered with fine, minute hairs. Corolla bright blue. Crown scales lanceolate and divided at the tip into several long, linear segments. Found across central and eastern Washington east of the Cascade crest. Also found along the southern boundary of central and southeastern Oregon.

var. columbiana: Stems glabrous. Corolla pale to dark blue but usually with darker-mottling. Sheath of basal leaves usually longer than 1.5 cm and bluish tinged, covered with fine, mintue hairs. Crown scales 3-4 mm long, lanceolate in outline, the tips divided into several erose to lacerate segments. Found west of the Deschutes River and upwards into the eastern foothills of the Cascades in north-central Oregon. Found in the eastern foothills of the Cascades in Klickitat & Yakima Counties of Washington.

var. cusickii: Stems glabrous, the leaves glabrous with fine hairs at the leaf base and sometimes along the lower midrib. Crown scales 2.5-4.5 mm long, ovate in outline with nearly entire margins. Found across central Oregon from the northern half of Lake, Harney and Malheur counties north to the Ochoco, Aldrich and Strawberry Mts. and northeast to the area around LaGrande, OR.

var. idahoensis: Stems glabrous. Corolla pale blue, usually not darker-mottled. Sheath of basal leaves usually less than 1.5 cm long, not bluish in color. Crown scales ovate in shape, 2-6 mm long, with the upper half of the margin divided into many narrow segments. Found in the Wallowa Mts. and Elkhorn Mts. of northeastern Oregon.

var. modocensis: Modoc Swertia - Stems and leaves uniformly covered with fine, minute hairs. Corolla pale blue. Scales of the corona entire to shallowy toothed. Found across the southern half of Klamath, Lake, Harney and Malheur counties of Oregon.


Habitat:

A plant of dry plains, grasslands, and sage brush prairies from the lowlands well into the lower mountains.


Range:

White-stemmed Frasera is found from southern British Columbia south along the eastern edge of the Cascade Mts to California and Nevada, and eastward to Idaho and western Montana.


Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana) - Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana) - Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana)

White-stemmed frasera blooming atop Bickleton Ridge in the Simcoe Mountains Unit of the Klickitat Wildlife Area..........June 17, 2017.

Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana) - Flower of Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana) - Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana)

White-stemmed frasera in bloom in scablands at Brooks Memorial State Park.....June 4, 2021.

Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana)

The photo above shows the inflorescence of white-stemmed frasera (var. columbiana) as seen on the crest of the Columbia Hills.......June 3, 2006. Note the ants attracted to the glands at the base of each petal.

Close-up of a flower of Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana)

The photo above shows a close-up of the flower of white-stemmed frasera (var. columbiana) as seen from the southern slopes of Mt. Adams............late May, 2005.

Stem leaves of Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana) - Columbia Frasera, Whitestem Frasera: Frasera albicaulis var. columbiana (Synonyms: Frasera albicaulis ssp. columbiana, Swertia columbiana)

The photo at left shows the stem leaves of white-stemmed frasera (var. columbiana) and the buds of the inflorescence as seen above 3000' on the southern slopes of Mt. Adams..........early May, 2005. Note the leaf margins which are both silver-lined and upturned. The photo at right shows white-stemmed frasera with well-developed flower buds at Brooks Memorial State Park off US 97 several miles south of Satus Pass.......Jay 11, 2020..

Paul Slichter